PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.